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Skin Care Routine, Update Skin Care Products, Skin Analysis, Facial Machines and Their Uses


Outline



Skin Care

Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions. They can include nutrition, avoidance of excessive sun exposure and appropriate use of emollients. 
Practices that enhance appearance include the use of cosmetics, botulium, exfoliaton, fillers, laser resurfacing, microdermabrasion, peels, retinol therapy and ultrasonic skin treatment.
Skin care is a routine daily procedure in many settings, such as skin that is either too dry or too moist, and prevention of dermatitis and prevention of skin injuries. It's also a part of wound treatment for healing, radiation therapy and some medications.
Skin care includes modifications of individual behavior, environmental and working conditions.

Skin Care Basics


The three basic steps of a skin-care routine are 
  • cleansing and moisturizing 
  • applying sunscreen (at least sun protection factor (SPF) 30 and broad spectrum)
  • You should cleanse then moisturize every morning and night

Skin Care Cleansing


This is perhaps the most important step to any kind of a skincare routine, this step usually includes products like:
  • makeup wipes
  • micellar water
  • cleansing balms
  • foaming wash/cleansers
  • exfoliating scrubs
  • konjac sponges
  • washcloths, and more.
Cleaning your face helps you get rid of dirt and oil that may have found their way to your skin via the air, surfaces, your phone, and other things.
Exfoliating also takes your cleansing a step further by removing dead cells and improving the texture and glow of your skin. It's often advised that you should exfoliate 2-3 times a week.

Benefits of Cleansing 

- Removing dirt build up:

  • throughout the day the skin on your face is continually covered with bacteria, pollutants, viruses, dirt, and old (dead) skin cells.
  • Daily facial washing removes these impurities to give the skin a fresh look.

- Boosts hydration

  • Dehydrated skin looks and feels rough, wrinkled and aged.
  • Cleansing helps manage PH levels of the skin; enabling sufficient water and product retention.

- for maintaining a clear skin:

  • Excessive dirt build up on the surface can cause blockage of the follicle, trapping sebum, sweat, and dead skin cells
  • The lack of sebum on the skins surface allows bacteria to penetrate the follicle causing inflammation. The final result is acne.
  • Proper skin cleansing clears pores of debris to prevent dirt buildup, allowing the sebum oil to reach the skin surface unimpeded; decreasing the chances of a breakout.
  • Regular cleansing is essential to keeping your skin looking radiant and healthy
  • Cleansing helps anti-aging products and treatments work properly
  • Cleansing helps maintain proper pore size.
  • Cleansing prevents the production of excess oils.

Toning/Deep Cleansing


skin toning is the process of treating uneven skin tones.

  • Skin toning can involve using products like toners, washers, scrums, and lotions.
  • It cleanses the skin, removes any excess oil or dirt, and maintains the skin's PH balance.

Benefits of Toning/Deep Cleansing

  • It also helps to shrink the pores
  • Skin toning helps in clearing out dark spots and tackling discoloration
  • It is a part of the skin cleansing process and does not attempt to alter the natural color of the skin.
  • Toners are effective at balancing the skin's PH level, which can help your skin to be less prone to oiliness and infection, and creating a more vibrant and smoother appearance.
  • Toning helps to calm and balance the skin and prepare it for your next important step - applying a night cream or moisturizer.
  • Toners can be used twice daily after cleansing, as long as your skin can tolerate the formulation.
  • But if your skin gets dry or irritated easily, try once a day or every other day.

Skin Moisturizing

Moisturizing refers to trapping and locking in the moisture to build your skin's natural protective barrier.



Benefits of skin Moisturizing:

- Moisturizing reduces the chances of skin problems:

  • Using the right kind of moisturizing for your skin can help maintain its balance.
  • When skin is too dry or too oily, many common skin problems like acne start to pop up.
- Moisturizing can reduce the appearance of other blemishes:
  • Freshly moisturized skin has a healthy sheen, which can even out any existing blemishes.
  • Some moisturizers have some tint or self-tanner that can work with any skin tone.
-Moisturizing helps your skin stay young


  • The most sensitive areas of your skin- the face, ears, neck, and chest -replace themselves more often than any other area on your skin.
  • This daily loss of skin cells leaves these area vulnerable to the dryness and the elements - in fact, they are highest-risk areas for skin cancer.
  • Moisturizing can help give your sensitive skin the boost it needs to repair itself and stay healthy.
- Moisturizing fights wrinkles


  • That plump, firm feeling in your face after moisturizing isn't an illusion.
  • According to the British Journal of Dermatology, people with property moisturized skin accumulate wrinkles at just a fraction of the rate of those with dry skin.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Normal Skin
  • Normal skin is neither too dry nor too oily.
  • To maintain this natural moisture balance, use a water-based moisturizer that has a light, non-greasy feel.
  • These moisturizers often contain lightweight oils or silicone-derived ingredients, such as eyclomethicone.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Dry Skin


  • Dry skin tends to be flaky, itchy or rough.
  • To restore moisture to dry skin, choose a heavier, oil-based moisturizer that contains ingredients that help retain water.
  • If you have tried moisturizers but still feel dry especially on the lower legs, feet, arms and hands, look for one that contains lactic acid or lactic acid and urea.
  • For very dry and cracked skin, look for ointments with petroleum jelly (vaseline, Aquaphor)
  • If this type of product is too greasy for daytime use, apply it at bedtime.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Oily Skin



    • Oily skin is shiny, greasy and prone to acne and breakouts.
  • Such skin still needs moisture, especially after washing or using skin care products that remove oils and dry the skin.
  • Lotions generally contain a higher percentage of water than creams do, are easier to apply and are less likely to aggravate acne-prone skin.
  • Choose a lightweight, water-based product that's labeled oil-free or non-comedogenic, which means it won't clog pores.
  • If you are acne-prone, avoid using products on your face that contain petroleum jelly, coco butter or coconut oil.
  • If your skin is very oily, try using a sunscreen instead of a moisturizer.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Combination Skin
  • Combination skin has areas that are dry and oily.
  • For example, the forehead, nose or chin might be oily, but the cheeks are dry.
  • Try a medium-weight lotion with broad-spectrum sunscreen.
  • Or use light moisturizer on your face and a heavier one for your arms and legs.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Sensitive Skin
  • Sensitive skin is susceptible to irritation, redness, itching or rashes
  • Look for a moisturizer that contains soothing ingredients, such as chamomile or aloe.
  • Choose mild products labeled unscented may still irritate your skin, as they may contain masking fragrances.
- Moisturizers That Can Be Used For Mature Skin
  • As you age, your skin tends to become thinner, drier, less elastic and less able to protect itself from damage.
  • To keep your skin soft and well hydrated, choose an oil-based moisturizer that contains petroleum jelly, which helps hold in moisture.
  • Moisturizing can make fine lines and wrinkles less visible.
  • To prevent flaky-scaly skin, you might choose products that also include antioxidants or alpha hydroxy acid.
  • Moisturizers often form the basis for wrinkle creams, with added retinoids, antioxidants, peptides or other ingredients.


Apply A Sunscreen

  • Sunscreen also known as sunblock or suntan lotion, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that:
  • absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and
  • Thus helps protect against sunburn and most importantly prevent skin cancer
Sunscreens come as lotions, sprays, gels, foams (such as an expanded foam lotion or whipped lotion), sticks, powders, and other topical products.

Skin Care Products




A good skin care routine is only as good as the products you use. While good quality products can help your skin look better now as well as in the future, poor quality products can be ineffective and even cause harm.

  • Cleansers
  • Exfoliators
  • Face oils
  • Serum
  • Chemical peels
  • Toners
  • Sunscreen
  • Moisturizers
  • Face mask
  • Eye cream

Cleansers

Skin cleansers are surface-active substances (i.e emulsifiers/ detergents/ surfactants/ soaps) that lower the surface tension on the skin and remove dirt, sebum, oil form cosmetic products, microorganisms, and exfoliated corneum cells in an emulsified form.
Many of the environmental impurities and cosmetic products are not water soluble and so washing the skin with simple water would not be sufficient to remove them.
Substances capable of emulsifying them into finer particles are to be used for making these fat soluble impurities water soluble. An ideal cleanser should do all these without damaging or irritating the skin, on the contrary it should try to keep the skin surface moist.
Skin cleansers are composed of:

  • water
  • surfactant(emulsifiers)
  • Moisturizers (for hydration)
  • binders (stabilizers)
  • Lather enhancers (in some)
  • Fillers (hardeners)
  • Preservative (inhibit microorganism)
  • Fragrance (to mask surfactant odor)
  • Dyes or pigments (in some)

Moisturizers

Moisturizers are any creams, oils or lotions that you apply on your skin to make it less dry or keep it hydrated. They contain lipids and ingredients with emollient, occlusive, and humectant properties.
Components Of Moisturizers




Humectants: These are the major ingredients in moisturizers that provides the hydrating effects. They attract and hold water in the skin, either by drawing it up from the dermis to the epidermis or from the environment into the epidermis.
They can cause water to be evaporated into the environment and thus need to be used with occlusive agents.

Occlusives: These are ingredients that sit on the skin, creating a barrier to TEWL. Petroleum jelly is among the best known and most widely used occlusives, shown to reduce TEWL more than 98 percent.
By contrast, other oily occlusives, which include mineral oil, silicone, and lanolin, reduce TEWL by around 20 to 30 percent. They form a hydrophobic film between corneocytes on the skin.

Emollients: These are ingredients that spread easily on the skin, helping to hold down desquamating corneocytes and fill any gaps between them. Emollients are typically oils and lipids that enhance skin texture and flexibility.

Exfoliators

Exfoliators are products that help remove dead skin cells from its surface in order to reveal the brighter, fresher skin below.
Exfoliators can be: 

  • Physical, in that they use an ingredient which contains particles which scrub or buffer the skin's surface or
  • Chemical where an ingredient dissolves the chemical bonds holding the dead skin cells onto the skin's surface, causing them to shed.
Exfoliators can help with surface pigmentation and rough skin texture, as well as improving the effectiveness of other skincare products.
Physical exfoliators contain physical components, such as beads or grains which are actively rubbed against the skin to dislodge old skin cells and brush them away.
Some may be natural product while others are not
Some natural exfoliants include sugar, oatmeal, baking soda, sea salt, coffee, almonds.
Chemical exfoliators are often more gentle for sensitive skin.
They are two main types of chemical exfoliators:

  • Alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs)
  • Beta hydroxyl acids (BHA)

Skin Analysis


A skin analysis is a consultation with a skincare expert or esthetician, during which they analyze your skin type and skin condition. In most cases they also prescribe a home skincare regime based on their analysis.

The process

The analysis process can differ, depending on where you have the analysis performed.
The basic steps include:
  • Questions to know your history
  • Preparation
  • Skin analysis proper to determine skin type and characteristics
Note: skin parameters can differ with respect to time of the day, time of the year, hormonal cycle.

Some Questions Asked Prior To Skin Analysis

  • Genetic history, particularly dermatological problems
  • Nutrition and hydration, including special diets, water and caffeine intake, and over-the-counter nutritional supplements
  • Lifestyle(exercise, stress, sun exposure, smoking, and so forth)
  • Cosmetic history(previous procedures, reactions, homecare regimens, and so forth)
  • Skin type(client's perspective - to be confirmed with analysis)
  • Skin's intrinsic characteristics( related to genetics)
  • Skin's extrinsic characteristics (related to lifestyle)


Preparation For Skin Analysis

Makeup must be thoroughly removed so the skin can be seen clearly.
Most clients can benefit from a towel or wrap to cover the hair.
Cover the client's eyes with eye pads to prevent them from being irritated by bright light and to help them relax.


Analysis Proper

There are four essential elements of the skin to measure when doing an analysis. These include:

  • Hydration: This is a measure of the amount of free water in the epidermis. Hydration tells the professional about the client's overall hydration throughout the body. It also indicates how effective the skin is functioning as a barrier system.
  • Melanin: Assessing melanin is important when deciding on treatments involving heat and abrasion, as well as some chemical treatments. Melanin varies widely depending on DNA and ethnic origin of the client.
  • Erythema: Erythema is redness of the skin at the superficial level, Understanding what causes this redness is key, as it is indicative of the density of vessels in the vascular mat.


Types Of Skin Analysis

  • Traditional facial analysis
  • Full face skin analysis
  • DNA skin analysis

Traditional Skin Analysis: These analysis requires the use of a magnifying lamp and wood's lamp.

DNA Skin Analysis: 

A DNA test is done so as to identify your true skin type, that is not influenced by surrounding, external factors. It basically measures the skin parameters & risk factors you are born with. Genes that play a role in your skin health and skin aging are being assessed, such as those responsible for hydration, barrier, collagen household, anti-oxidant production etc..
Based on the presence of mutations, variations or defects we determine your risk profile for accelerated ageing, dry skin, redness, sensitivity, scarring etc...
By knowing your risk profile, you will understand where certain skin concerns really come from. And on the basis of a DNA analysis, ingredients can be selected that will work very targeted in order to help to compensate for your genetic risks.
Your DNA report forms a kind of personal guideline through all beauty products and also gives advice that goes a step further than just skincare.


Full-Face Analysis:  These instruments allow the client to place their face in a module for viewing the entire face at once. Some systems rotate around the client's face, much like a panoramic dental x-ray. Full -face skin analysis can identify and color map issues like:

  • fine line and wrinkles
  • spots and areas of discoloration
  • redness
  • ultraviolet damage
  • subsurface melanin
  • vascular conditions


Fitzpatrick Skin Scale

The Fitzpatrick  skin scale classifies skin's sensitivity to sunlight based on someone's genetic characteristics. It helps estheticians identify which clients are at the highest risk for sun damage to recommend products with the right SPF level.
They are six  categories, differentiated by these genetic characteristics.

 

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